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Neurons store information and participate in memory engrams as a result of experience-dependent changes in synaptic weights and in membrane excitability. Here, we examine excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude and neuronal excitability in relation to these two mechanisms of plasticity. We analyze somato-dendritic double-patch recordings from cerebellar Purkinje cells while inducing intrinsic,...
Electrodeposition (ED) technology is a low-cost industrial candidate for solar cell fabrication. However, the practical aspects of controlling deposit morphology and composition have not been significantly addressed because of the complex co-plating variables that still need to be understood for multinary alloy ED. This work addresses these practical aspects on how to control composition and deposit...
The color and pattern changing abilities of octopus, squid, and cuttlefish via chromatophore neuro-muscular organs are unparalleled. Cuttlefish and octopuses also have a unique muscular hydrostat system in their skin. When this system is expressed, dermal bumps called papillae disrupt body shape and imitate the fine texture of surrounding objects, yet the control system is unknown. Here we report...
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes Guillain-Barré syndrome and severe birth defects. ZIKV envelope (E) protein is the major viral protein involved in cell receptor binding and entry and is therefore considered one of the major determinants in ZIKV pathogenesis. Here we report a gene-wide mapping of functional residues of ZIKV E protein using a mutant library, with changes covering every nucleotide...
Impaired pancreatic β-cell survival contributes to the reduced β-cell mass in diabetes, but underlying regulatory mechanisms and key players in this process remain incompletely understood. Here, we identified the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) as an important player in the regulation of β-cell apoptosis under diabetic conditions. Genetic silencing and pharmacological suppression...
The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2) is a specific endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), which is a key enzyme that degrades the extracellular matrix and promotes tumor cell invasion. Although the TIMP-2:MMP-2 complex controls proteolysis, the signaling mechanism by which the two proteins associate in the extracellular space remains unidentified. Here we report...
YAP and TAZ, the Hippo signal-regulated transcriptional co-activators, play crucial roles in morphogenesis and organogenesis. Here we report that the YAP/TAZ activities are stimulated upon complex formation with Parafibromin, which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by kinases such as PTK6 and phosphatases such as SHP2, respectively. Furthermore, TAZ and the Wnt effector β-catenin...
Self-powered photodetectors are expected to play a crucial role in future nano-optoelectronic devices owing to their independent and sustainable operation. Based on the heterojunction between ZnO nanowires (NWs) and shuttle-like SnS, we design a self-powered photodetector exhibiting wide-range photoresponse and tunable spectral selectivity. Differently from conventional devices, a wavelength-induced...
CNS cortical histogenesis depends on polarity signaling pathways that regulate cell adhesion and motility. Here we report that conditional deletion of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 in cerebellar granule cell precursors (GCPs) results in abnormalities in cerebellar foliation revealed by iDISCO clearing methodology, a loss of columnar organization of proliferating GCPs in the external germinal layer (EGL), disordered...
Of the ∼4,400 genes that constitute Escherichia coli's genome, ∼300 genes are indispensable for its growth in nutrient-rich conditions. These encode housekeeping functions, including cell wall, DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses. Under conditions in which nutrients are limited to a carbon source, nitrogen source, essential phosphates, and salts, more than 100 additional genes become essential. These...
In the clinical setting, analgesic tolerance is a primary driver of diminished pain control and opioid dose escalations. Integral to this process are primary afferent sensory neurons, the first-order components of nociceptive sensation. Here, we characterize the factors modulating morphine action and tolerance in mouse small diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. We demonstrate that acute morphine...
Materials to be used in the space environment have to withstand extreme conditions, particularly with respect to cosmic particle irradiation. We report robust stability and high tolerance of organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells against high-fluence electron and proton beams. We found that methylammonium and formamidinium-based lead iodide perovskite solar cells composed of TiO2 and a conductive...
Primases are key enzymes involved in DNA replication. They act on single-stranded DNA and catalyze the synthesis of short RNA primers used by DNA polymerases. Here, we investigate the DNA binding and activity of the bacteriophage T7 primase using a new workflow called high-throughput primase profiling (HTPP). Using a unique combination of high-throughput binding assays and biochemical analyses, HTPP...
High-content image acquisition is generally limited to cells grown in culture, requiring complex hardware and preset imaging modalities. Here we report an open source software package, OpenHiCAMM (Open Hi Content Acquisition for μManager), that provides a flexible framework for integration of generic microscope-associated robotics and image processing with sequential workflows. As an example, we imaged...
Plant adaptation in variable soil nitrate concentrations involves sophisticated signaling and transport systems that modulate a variety of physiological and developmental responses. However, we know very little about their molecular mechanisms. It has recently been reported that many of these responses are regulated by a transceptor NRT1.1, a transporter cum receptor of nitrate signaling. NRT1.1 displays...
The human intestinal mucosa is a critical site for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)/Tox studies in drug development and is difficult to recapitulate in vitro. Using bioprinting, we generated three-dimensional (3D) intestinal tissue composed of human primary intestinal epithelial cells and myofibroblasts with architecture and function to model the native intestine. The 3D...
Succinylation is a post-translational protein acylation modification that converts the cationic lysine side chain to an anion with large potential impacts on protein structure and function. Here we characterize the epigenome-wide distribution of succinyllysine marks in chromatin using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). We estimate that more than one-third of all nucleosomes contain...
Organocatalytic domino processes have become a rapidly growing area of research. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as powerful organocatalysts for various transformations and continue to have widespread application. In the last decade, domino reactions catalyzed by NHCs have seen significant progress since the different activation modes could be successfully combined in one process. The...
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